CRM+FH+Notes

__ Brief Timeline __ [] []
 * Earl and Louis Little are Malcolm X's parents
 * Malcolm Little born May 19th, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska
 * Earl Little died from street car accident in 1931
 * Louis Little declared legally insane and sentenced to a mental institute in 1939
 * In 1946 Malcolm was arrested stealing a watch
 * While in prison Malcolm was introduced to the Nation of Islam teachings of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad
 * NOI promotes black nationalism and racial separatism
 * NOI believes all people of European descent are immoral devils
 * While in jail Malcolm devoted much time to self-learning
 * By the time Malcolm got out of jail he was a fully devoted to NOI - dropped "Little" for "X" (his birth name was considered a slave name among Muslims)
 * After he finished jail Malcolm became a loyal minister in Harlem, NY for NOI
 * Malcolm advocated self-defense and liberation of blacks by "any means necessary" - including violence
 * Admired by black communities across the country
 * Muslims are anti-integration, and did not demonstrate with groups such as the NAACP
 * In 1963 Malcolm was suspended from NOI after making some political statements pertaining to JFK's death
 * Malcolm believed Muhammad's teachings did not support the Civil Rights movement enough
 * Malcolm formally left NOI a few months after suspension
 * In 1964 Malcolm took a Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca - learned not all whites are racist devils - came back to US as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz
 * After pilgrimage Malcolm became more involved in the Civil Rights Movement - now believed racism was black's main issue, not whites
 * Malcolm's new philosophy became popular in the CRM
 * NOI did not like Malcolm's involvement with integrationalists
 * Feb 21st, 1965 Malcolm was shot by NOI agents

American Experience, Eyes on the Prize, Malcolm X http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/profiles/19_malcolmx.html


 * Street hustler as a young man
 * Converted to Islam while in prison
 * Born to parents active in Marcus Garvey's Movement
 * In 1952 Malcolm was released from prison and joined NOI in Detroit
 * Trained under NOI leader Elijah Muhammad
 * Malcolm became a minister, created temples for NOI, ran newspaper, became national spokesman
 * Offered an alternative to MLK's thinking - separate from whites, don't integrate; use violence if necessary
 * As life went on Malcolm's philosophy changed - became involved with the militant wing of the freedom movement
 * Insisted fight for equality was a human rights struggle
 * Wanted an united front with the assistance of MLK and CORE

American Experience, Malcolm X, Make it Plain, Timeline [] and []


 * Born Malcolm Little, May 19th 1925 in Omaha Nebraska
 * Father dies Sept. 28, 1931
 * Mother declared mentally ill and taken to a mental hospital in 1938
 * 1941 becomes a hustler (nicknamed Detroit Red)
 * 1946 sent to jail on charges of grand larceny, breaking and entering, and firearm possessing - 8-10 year sentence
 * 1948 siblings convert Malcolm to Islam and the NOI
 * 1958 has 1st kid with Betty X - named Attalah
 * 1960 establishes newspaper named //Muhammad Speaks// to promote NOI's message
 * Jan 1964 leaves NOI and creates Muslim Mosque Inc.
 * Apr 1964 travels to Mecca and changes philosophy - blacks and whites can work together
 * Feb 21st 1965 Malcolm X assassinated by NOI members while speaking at rally in Harlem

American Experience, Malcolm X, Make it Plain, People - Malcolm X []


 * In 1952 NOI only had 4 temples and 400 members - Malcolm wanted more (believed temples should be full)
 * With charisma and energy, Malcolm expanded NOI - 49 temples and 10,000+ members
 * Appointed national representative by Elijah Muhammad
 * Malcolm preached about black self-reliance, separating from whites, and accomplishing their goals with the use of violence
 * Took several trips to the Middle East, including pilgrimage to Mecca - broadened Malcolm's perspective
 * After trip to Mecca, Malcolm believed blacks and whites could come together and unite
 * Bond between Malcolm and Elijah dissipated as Elijah committed more and more adultery crimes
 * Assassinated Feb 1965 by members of the NOI

American Experience, Malcolm X, Make it Plain, "Any Means Necessary" []

Influences:
 * Parents - Mom and Dad followed Marcus Garvey and were members of Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (blacks should stand up for themselves)
 * When Malcolm was arrested, the 3 white accomplices received 7 month prison sentences vs. Malcolm's 8-10 year sentence

NOI Teachings:
 * X meant no more smoking, drinking, adultery
 * Blacks were original man
 * Whites are a race of devils
 * Taught blacks pride in their identity, foster self-reliance
 * Believed blacks should separate from whites, not integrate

Hate and Self-Defense:
 * "Don't love your enemy; love yourself"
 * Non-violence encourages whites to attack blacks with impunity
 * NOI strongly detests blacks who believe in non-violence (that is part of why they later killed Malcolm)

Growth:
 * Pilgrimage to Mecca changed Malcolm's philosophy - re-evaluated notion that all whites were devils
 * Malcolm began to help Civil Rights Movement with leaders such as MLK
 * Violence no longer is a necessary component of earning civil rights

Biography of Malcolm X, [], [] "Biography." //MalcolmX.com//. Web. 06 May 2011. <[] >.
 * Malcom X was an ambitious student in school
 * Malcom X wanted to be come a lawyer.
 * Teacher said "no realistic goal for a nigger,"
 * Jailed for seven years after charged with burglary
 * Brother reginald visits malcom to talk about islam
 * Belonged to NOI Nation of islam
 * Malcom X was popular enough to be followed by the FBI
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">They infiltrated NOI as bodyguards and other guises to place bugs, tracking chips, and cameras.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Found out that muhammad had affairs with six women.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Could not cover it up, the whole organization was a lie.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">X was to be marked for assaination
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Assassinated on February 21st 1965

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