The+Cold+War+-+The+Early+Years

C opy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO. **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** ** [|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO] ** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**

Europe
 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * Established in aftermath of WWII to stabilize international relations
 * "United Nations" was 1st used by FDR during WWII - group of countries that pledged to fight against Axis powers
 * UN Charter calls for members to "settle their international disputes by peaceful means"
 * the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council make up the main organizational units of the UN
 * World Court/International Court of Justice is the UN's judiciary branch
 * Headquarters is in New York ||
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * Policy 1st implemented by the US in 1947
 * Meant to prevent the growth of a country's territory and limit a country's ideological influence
 * Done through political, economical, and diplomatic methods || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg align="center" caption="kennan.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * **Gave US an active role in preventing the spread of communism throughout world**
 * **Greece and Turkey both needed money to fend off communist revolutions**
 * **US believed Russia was funding the revolutions**
 * **US gave Turkey and Greece $400 million** ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * US wanted to extend economic influence and foreign policy to Western
 * Marshall Plan jump-started European reconstruction so countries wouldn't fall under Russian influence
 * Marshall Plan was originally called European Recovery Plan
 * WWII left Europe in economical and political chaos, Russia used this to their advantage and funded communist revolutions to spread their influence
 * The plan would limit Russia's influence by making European economies grow
 * Many people in Washington hated plan - did not want to help Europe anymore
 * Plan was aimed at restoring a well-developed econom || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * Separated West and East Berlin during Cold War
 * Stalin blockaded Western side (controlled by US)
 * Truman approved of an airlift to bring supplies to Western Berlin
 * Blockade ended in 1949
 * Germany was split into two halves; democratic W. Germany and communist E. Germany ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
 * treaty, if one country attacked an ally consider it an attack on your own country
 * included US, Canada, Western European countries
 * Warsaw Pact, made as a result of NATO
 * Consisted of Russia and Eastern European nations || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * Red Scare - Irrational, rampant fear of communism in US
 * Events such as Rosenberg Trials, China's fall to communism, and McCarthy hearings made Americans think communism may take over democracy
 * Rosenberg Trials - trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for conspiracy of committing espionage
 * Julius was arrested for spying and providing Russia with info about Atomic Bomb
 * Rosenberg's' and a character witness plead innocent and denied all charges
 * Fount guilty and sentenced to 30 years in prison ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * Sept. 1949 Communists defeated anticommunists in China
 * Mao Zedong became head of communist China
 * Many Americans were shocked and scared that anticommunists lost - viewed takeover as plot to fill world with Communism
 * American fear of communism grew || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR**

xxxxx
 * No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM** * Joseph McCarthy, republican senator from Wisconsin (hey I live there :D )
 * Used Korean War to fan American fear of communism
 * McCarthy said he had a list of 205 State Department officials that belonged to Communist Party
 * McCarthy's claim lead to a hunt for communists - recked the lives of thousands of Americans
 * McCarthyism stands for reckless charges against innocent citizens || [[image:turningpoints2010:180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg align="center" caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**
 * Russia launched first satellite named Sputnik - meant they had a missile powerful enough to reach the US
 * Congress gave billions to space research so US could launch a satellite ||